RTOS Kernel Architecture

For simpler applications, RTOS is usually a kernel but as complexity increases, various modules like networking protocol stacks debugging facilities, and a device I/Os are included in addition to the kernel.

RTOS architecture diagram

k (A) Kernel, RTOS kernel acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the applications. There are three broad categories of kernels

(i) Monolithic kernel

Monolithic kernels are part of Unix-like operating systems like Linux, F FreeBSD, etc. A monolithic kernel is one single program that contains all nine of the code necessary to perform each kernel-connected task. It runs all basic system services (i. e. process and memory management; interrupt handling and Input /Output communication, file system, etc) and provides powerful abstraction§ of the Underlying hardware. The amount of context switches and electronic communication concerning area unit is greatly reduced which makes it runs quicker than a microkernel.

(ii) Microkernel

It runs only basic process communication (messaging) and 1/0 control. It normally provides only minimal services such as managing memory protection, Interprocess communication, and process management. The other functions like running the hardware processes are not handled directly by micro kernels. Thus, microkernels provide a smaller set of simple hardware abstractions. It is additional stable than monolithic because the kernel is unaffected even though the servers are unsuccessful (i. e. file system). Microkernels are part of operating systems like AIX, BeOS, Mach, Mac OS X, MINIX, and QNX. etc.

(iii) Hybrid Kernel

Hybrid kernels are extensions of microkernels with some properties of monolithic kernels. Hybrid kernel area unit is similar to microkernels, except that ' they include additional code in kernel space so that such code can run more swiftly than it would be it in the user. space. These are a part of the operative systems like Microsoft Windows NGO, 2000 and XP DragonF 1y BSD, etc.

(iv) Exokernel

Exokernels provide efficient control over hardware. It runs only services protecting the resources (i.e. tracking the ownership, guarding the usage, revoking access to resources, etc) by providing a low-level interface for library operating systems and leaving the management to the application.

RS Aggarwal Aptitude Book PDF Free Download

RS Aggarwal Aptitude Book PDF Free Download RS Agarwal Aptitude Book PDF Free Download: Quantitative Aptitude by R.S Aggarwal is a standout amongst the most inclining books among the hopefuls getting ready for Bank PO, PO, MBA, RBI, IBPS, CAT, SSC, IAS, PSC, Hotel Management, Railway Recruitment Exams, and other aggressive and placement tests. This book is suggested by different specialists in this field. This book covers relatively every theme which is being requested for the focused exams. On the off chance that you are looking to Download RS Aggarwal Quantitative Aptitude PDF's most recent version with the expectation of complimentary then you appear to be at the correct place. Download PDF RS Agarwal Aptitude Book PDF Free Download This book covers Problems on Surds and Indices, Simplification, Numbers and Ages, Pipes and Cisterns, Boats and Streams, Problems on Trains, Simple and Compound Interests, Time and Work, Permutations and Combination, Clocks, Odd Man Out, Heights

Limitations of Terzaghi Theory

Limitations of Terzaghi Theory The value of the coefficient of consolidation has been assumed to be constant. The distance d of the drainage path cannot be measured accurately in the field. The thickness of the deposit is generally variable, and an average value has to be estimated. There is sometimes difficulty 1n locating the drainage face, and sometimes thin previous seams that can act as good drainage faces are missed in the boring operations. The equation is based on the assumption that the consolidation is one-dimensional. In the field, the consolidation is generally 3-dimensional. The lateral drainage may have a significant effect on the time rate of consolidation. The initial consolidation and secondary consolidation have been neglected. Sometimes these form an important part of the total consolidation. In actual practice, the pressure distribution may be far from linear or uniform.

Types Of Current Collector

Current Collector A current collector is a device used to collect electrical current from a moving conductor, such as a train or a trolley. It is typically used in electric vehicles, such as trains and trams, to transfer power from an overhead power source to the vehicle's electric motor. The current collector consists of a sliding contact, which is often made of carbon or copper, that makes contact with an overhead power source, such as an overhead catenary wire or a third rail. The sliding contact is mounted on the vehicle and is typically in the form of a pantograph or a trolley pole. The pantograph is a device with a metal frame and a spring-loaded arm that presses against the overhead power source. It is raised and lowered by the operator of the vehicle, and as it moves along the overhead power source it maintains contact and collects the electrical current. The trolley pole is a vertical pole that is mounted on the roof of the vehicle and has a horizontal arm that extends out

Self Study World

Search This Blog